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Testing PROFIBUS
A.2 Testing fiber-optic cable
PROFIBUS Network Manual
System Manual, Edition 04/2009, C79000-G8976-C124-03
249
How an OTDR Functions
An OTDR can be compared to a radar unit The OTDR sends laser light pulses on the FO
cable to be tested (the end of the cable is open). These light pulses are reflected more or
less strongly by all problem points along the cable. A meter evaluates the intensity and
propagation time of the reflected pulses.
Test FO cable
Meas.
receiver
Transmitter
(laser light)
Analysis
and display
Figure A-4 How an OTDR Functions
OTDR evaluation
The OTDR provides the measurement results graphically
Start of fiber
Coupling
Fusion splice
Bonding splice
End of fiber
Distance
Backscatter
Power [dB]
Figure A-5 Representation of the OTDR measurement results
The figure above clearly illustrates that the power of the launched light reduces constantly
along the fiberoptic link. There are significant jumps at the coupling points of the fiber.
- SIMATIC NET 1
- PROFIBUS Network Manual 1
- Table of contents 3
- Table of contents 5
- PROFIBUS networks 9
- Overview 11
- Standardization 12
- Industrial Ethernet 13
- IWLAN 13
- PROFINET IO 14
- PROFIBUS PA 14
- AS-Interface (AS-i) 14
- IO Link 14
- 1.2.1 Attachable systems 15
- 1.2.2 Standards 15
- 1.2.3 Access mechanism 16
- PROFIBUS networks 17
- DP protocol 18
- FMS protocol 18
- 1.2.5 Transmission mode 19
- Benefits: 20
- Restrictions: 20
- IEC 611582 standard 22
- 2.1.1 Overview 25
- Bus topology 28
- 2.2.3 Topologies with OLMs 29
- Linear bus topologies 30
- Star topologies with OLMs 31
- Optical channels 31
- Monitoring FO links 31
- Mixed structure 32
- SCALANCE W 35
- Bus and star topology 37
- SpliTConnect system 37
- Field distributors AFD/AFS 37
- Expansion 38
- Total cable length 38
- Spur line 39
- Network configuration 41
- Length of the spur lines 42
- Node attachments at 1.5 Mbps 43
- Weighting factors 43
- Network configuration 45
- RS-485 repeater 47
- 3.2.1 Overview 48
- Transmission link 49
- Transmitter 49
- Transmission media 49
- Receiver 49
- Optical power budget 50
- Power budget 51
- Glass FOC 51
- Splices 51
- System reserve 52
- Cable lengths 52
- Calculation examples 54
- 3.3 Frame transmission time 58
- Creating a system overview 59
- 3.3 Frame transmission time 60
- Checking the bus parameters 62
- Calculating the slot time 65
- Entering the bus parameters 65
- Active components 67
- Block diagram 71
- Terminating resistor on/off 72
- Segments 1 and 2 terminated 72
- Active components 73
- 6LJQDOVXQJURXQGHG 76
- 6LJQDOVJURXQGHG 76
- Order no 78
- TERMINATOR 82
- Functions 85
- 4.3.1 DP/DP coupler 88
- Parameter assignment 90
- DP/PA bus coupler 90
- 4.4.2 DP/PA coupler 91
- 4.4.3 DP/PA link 93
- Application 94
- Mode of operation 94
- 4.5.1 DP/RS232C Link 96
- Industrial Ethernet network 100
- Function 101
- Ordering data 101
- PROFIBUS 102
- AS-Interface 104
- Further information 106
- Diagnostics 106
- Configuration 106
- Area of application 107
- 4.8.3 DP/AS-i F-Link 109
- 5.1 RS-485 cables 113
- 5.1 RS-485 cables 114
- 5.1 RS-485 cables 115
- 5.2 FC standard cable GP 119
- Properties 120
- 5.7 FC ground cable 124
- 5.8 FC trailing cable 125
- 5.8 FC trailing cable 126
- Segment lengths 127
- Trailing cable 6XV1 831-2L 127
- 5.10 PROFIBUS festoon cable 129
- Installation guidelines 130
- 5.11 PROFIBUS torsion cable 131
- 6.1 The FastConnect system 137
- CONNECT 138
- Technical specifications 141
- Disconnect function 142
- Disconnecting a station 143
- Connecting up the bus cable 144
- Strain relief 145
- Insulation displacement 145
- Bus connection 149
- PROFIBUS Network Manual 150
- Connecting the bus connector 152
- Removing the bus connector 152
- A1B1A2B2 161
- Fitting the bus connector 162
- 6.5 M12 bus connector 164
- 6.5 M12 bus connector 165
- Fitting connectors 167
- Suitable cables 169
- Fitting connectors to cables 170
- Pin assignment 171
- 6.7.1 Versions available 173
- RS-485 bus terminal 174
- Terminator 174
- Additional PG interface 174
- 12M bus terminal 175
- Termination 176
- Mounting methods 177
- 6FUHHQILOP 178
- )ROGEUDLGVKLHOGEDFNRYHU 178
- RXWHUMDFNHW 178
- 6.7.5 Grounding measures 180
- Wall mounting 181
- 6.8 Cable connections 183
- 6.8 Cable connections 184
- 6.9.3 M12 connecting cable 187
- 7.1 Fiber-optic cables 189
- Optical bus cables 190
- .HYODUVWUDLQUHOLHI 195
- 7.2.3 PCF standard cable 197
- 6WUDLQUHOLHI 197
- 7.2.4 PCF standard cable GP 200
- 7.2.5 PCF trailing cable 202
- 7.2.6 PCF trailing cable GP 204
- 7.3 Glass FO cables 206
- Simple configuration 207
- Guidelines for laying cables 207
- 7.3 Glass FO cables 208
- 7.3 Glass FO cables 209
- 7.3.9 Special cables 221
- 7.4 Fiberoptic connectors 222
- Order numbers 223
- Installation instructions 223
- Fitting connectors on site 225
- Prefabricated cables 225
- PROFIBUS PA cables 227
- 8.2 SpliTConnect Tap 231
- How it works 232
- 9.1.2 Energy cable 5 x 1.5 235
- Testing PROFIBUS 243
- A.1.4 Design and properties 244
- A.1.5 Functions 244
- A.1.6 How it works 245
- Battery operation 246
- Attenuation 246
- Measuring methods 247
- How an OTDR Functions 249
- OTDR evaluation 249
- Checking 250
- Introduction 253
- Further references 253
- Bus cables within buildings 253
- Bus cables between buildings 254
- Basic protection 254
- Low-voltage protection 256
- Installing bus cables 259
- Line voltage 260
- 24 V DC supply 260
- Bus Terminal RS485 261
- Redundant bus cables 261
- Fiber-optic cables 262
- Fitting strain relief 263
- Electromagnetic immunity 263
- Grounding 264
- Definition 264
- Cable Shields 265
- Handling the shield 265
- C.6.4 Equipotential bonding 267
- Voltages and currents 268
- Telecom cables 268
- Grouping in categories 268
- Constraints 269
- Clearance table 269
- How to read the table 269
- What do I need to remember? 271
- Underground cabling 272
- C.8 Laying bus cables 273
- C.8 Laying bus cables 274
- Bending radiuses 275
- Avoid loops 275
- Installing other cables 275
- Handling instructions 278
- Preparations 279
- Table D- 20 Ordering data 317
- IP degrees of protection 319
- IEC 60529, EN 60529 319
- E.2 Installed in cabinet: 320
- Outdoor installation 321
- Clearances 321
- Standards 321
- Dimension drawings 323
- Dimension drawings 325
- SINEC L2 328
- List of abbreviations 335
- Bibliography 337
- SIMATIC DP/PA bus coupler 338
- Glossary 341
- Glossary 343
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